Learning Objectives:

1.A.3:  Evolutionary change is also driven by random processes.

1.B.2:  Phylogenetic trees and cladograms are graphical representations (models) of evolutionary history that can be tested.

1.C.1:  Speciation and extinction have occurred throughout the Earth's history.

1.C.2:  Speciation may occur when two populations become reproductively isolated from each other.

1.C.3:  Populations of organisms continue to evolve.